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Quality 30: Profitable, Unlevered, Growing

Scores every Nifty 200 constituent on three fundamentals — return on equity, leverage, and profit scale — blends them into a single z-scored composite, and holds the best 30 weighted by score. Rebalanced quarterly, in step with the earnings calendar that actually moves the inputs.

Why this is expected to work

Quality is the "profitability" leg of the Fama-French five-factor model, and Novy-Marx (2013) showed gross profitability predicts cross-sectional returns about as strongly as book-to-market. The mechanism is not that profitable firms are cheap; it is that they are persistently mispriced because investors extrapolate from price action rather than from balance sheets. Low leverage is included for a different reason: it is the survivorship term. Indebted companies do not underperform gradually, they fail discretely, and a factor portfolio that ignores leverage carries a fat left tail that average returns hide. NSE's Nifty200 Quality 30 uses the same three-input construction (ROE, debt/equity, earnings variability).

qualityfundamentalsfactorquarterly
Universe
NSE Stocks XNSE
Rebalance
Quarterly Normalized score

How the pipeline works

Filter

NIFTY200 constituent

Keeps rows where nifty200_member == 1

nifty200_member == 1
Filter

Liquid: traded > Rs 5 cr/day

Keeps rows where turnover > 50000000

turnover > 50000000
Calculate

Return on equity

Computes roe = net_profit_annual_consolidated / total_equity_annual_consolidated

net_profit_annual_consolidated / total_equity_annual_consolidated
Calculate

Debt to equity

Computes debt_to_equity = total_debt_annual_consolidated / total_equity_annual_consolidated

total_debt_annual_consolidated / total_equity_annual_consolidated
Filter

Positive equity and profit

Keeps rows where roe > 0

roe > 0
Score

Quality composite

Blends 3 factors into quality_score

Rank

Top 30 by quality

Selects the top 30 by quality_score

What this template teaches

  • FactorScoreRule — cross-sectional multi-factor blending
  • Winsorization against outlier z-scores
  • Fundamentals with publication lag (no lookahead)
  • ScoreProportionalWeighting
  • Quarterly schedule matched to data cadence
Read the full write-up

The Quality Factor: Screening for Businesses, Not Charts

Profitable, unlevered companies have historically outperformed, and the reason has more to do with how investors form expectations than with risk. How to build a quality screen from Indian filings.