Why usFeaturesTemplatesBlogGlossary

Algorithmic Trading Blog

Guides, tutorials, and analysis for building systematic trading strategies on Indian markets. Written for self-directed retail investors who want to move from gut-feel decisions to rules-based portfolios.

Backtesting

Survivorship Bias in Indian Stocks: Modelling the Exit

Survivorship bias in Indian stocks is not fixed by keeping delisted names. Four exit routes, four exit prices, and how to measure it in your own trade log.

Saral Team · 3 Aug 2026

Backtesting

Backtest Overfitting: The Deflated Sharpe Test

Run 50 parameter combinations and the best Sharpe is inflated by selection alone. How the Deflated Sharpe Ratio and PBO separate an edge from noise.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Commodities

Commodity Trend Following on MCX: The Oldest Systematic Trade

Commodity prices are set by physical supply and demand that adjusts slowly. A mine takes years to open, a crop takes a season — which is exactly why commodity trends persist.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Bonds

Corporate Bonds in India: The Yield Is Real, So Is the Liquidity Trap

Indian corporate bonds quote roughly 30 days a year each. A bond you can buy is frequently not a bond you can sell near where you last saw it marked — and that, not default risk, is what the spread is mostly paying for.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Crypto

Crypto Trend Following: Why Absolute Momentum Beats Relative

With two correlated assets, a relative momentum screen is always fully invested in whichever is falling less. In an asset class with repeated 70% drawdowns, that distinction is the whole strategy.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Market Structure

Delivery Percentage: The Volume Filter Only Indian Markets Have

Volume tells you how much traded. Delivery percentage tells you how much was actually taken home. For separating real breakouts from intraday churn, the second number is far better — and it does not exist in US markets.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Mutual Funds

Does Buying Last Year's Best Mutual Fund Work?

It is the most common investment decision in India. The persistence evidence says top-quartile funds stay top-quartile at close to chance rates. Here is a template built specifically so you can test it yourself.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

ETF

Cross-Asset Momentum: The Version That Held Up Out of Sample

Single-stock momentum has decayed since publication. Momentum across asset classes has held up far better, and Indian ETFs now make it accessible from one account with one order type.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Mutual Funds

Expense Ratio Is the Only Fund Number You Know in Advance

Past return is a noisy estimate of something that may not persist. Cost is a certainty, charged daily, compounding against you. That asymmetry is why it is the most reliable predictor available.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Global

Country Momentum: Rotating Across Markets, Not Stocks

Equity indices trend for reasons individual companies never explain — currency regimes, policy cycles, capital flows. Cross-country momentum has held up better out of sample than single-stock momentum.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Bonds

G-Secs Are Two Markets, and Only One of Them Is Liquid

A handful of benchmark government securities trade every day in size. The several hundred others may not print for weeks. Any systematic G-Sec strategy has to select on realised liquidity, not on tenor.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Backtesting

Out of Sample Testing: What a Holdout Can Prove

Reserve the last quarter of your backtest window, rank on the rest, and read retention. What out of sample testing proves, and exactly where it stops.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Backtesting

Brokerage Charges in India: The Full Cost Stack

Brokerage is the smallest line on an Indian delivery trade. STT, stamp duty, GST and a flat DP fee do the real damage, and most backtests ignore all of it.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Insider Trading

Insider Buying Is a Signal. Insider Selling Mostly Is Not.

There are a dozen reasons an insider sells and essentially one reason they buy. That asymmetry is why the buy side of SEBI's mandatory disclosures carries information the sell side does not.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Intraday

Backtesting an Intraday Strategy Honestly (and Why Costs Decide It)

An intraday strategy trades roughly 250 times a year instead of 12. Costs that round to nothing in a monthly backtest become the whole result. Here is how to build one so the backtest is not lying to you.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Low Volatility

The Low Volatility Anomaly: Getting Paid to Take Less Risk

Finance theory says higher risk earns higher return. Low-volatility stocks have historically delivered better risk-adjusted returns than high-volatility ones. The explanation is structural, not statistical.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Long/Short

Market-Neutral Investing: Isolating the Factor From the Market

A long-only momentum portfolio earns two things at once, and the market leg dominates. Going long winners and short losers cancels it — but in India the short leg is the binding constraint.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Market Timing

The 200-Day Moving Average: A Drawdown Trade, Not a Return Trade

One of the simplest market-timing rules ever tested roughly halved maximum drawdown across a century of data without giving up much return. It also whipsaws, and you should know that before deploying it.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Mean Reversion

Mean Reversion: Getting Paid to Provide Liquidity

Buying large caps that have fallen two standard deviations below their own average is not contrarian instinct — it is being compensated for taking the other side of somebody's forced sale.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Momentum

Momentum Investing in India: Why the Best Signal Skips Last Month

Momentum is the most replicated anomaly in equities, but the standard construction deliberately throws away the most recent month of returns. Here is why, and how to build the screen on the Nifty 500.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Multi-Factor

Why Blending Factors Beats Picking One

Momentum, quality and low volatility all have multi-year droughts, and the droughts do not line up. Combining them produces a shallower worst drawdown — which is what determines whether you are still holding when it recovers.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Backtesting

Backtest Execution Timing: Fill at the Next Bar's Open

A backtest that fills at the same close it read to decide is reporting returns nobody could have captured. Why next-bar-open is the only honest timing.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Portfolio Construction

Top 30 or Top Decile? Why Fixed Counts Hide a Changing Bet

Holding a fixed number of names assumes the universe is constant. It is not — and a top-30 screen is a much more concentrated bet when only 200 stocks qualify than when 450 do.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Backtesting

Point in Time Data: Knowing What You Knew That Day

Publication lag, restatements and index reconstitution quietly hand your backtest information nobody had. How point-in-time data closes each of those gaps.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Governance

Promoter Pledging: The Risk That Turns a Decline Into a Collapse

Pledged promoter shares convert an ordinary price fall into forced selling. The mechanism is mechanical, disclosed quarterly, and easy to screen out — which makes it one of the highest-return filters available to Indian retail investors.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Quality

The Quality Factor: Screening for Businesses, Not Charts

Profitable, unlevered companies have historically outperformed, and the reason has more to do with how investors form expectations than with risk. How to build a quality screen from Indian filings.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

REIT

REITs and InvITs: The Asset Class Most Indian Portfolios Skip

SEBI requires them to distribute most of their distributable cash flow. That makes their return profile closer to a bond with inflation participation than to an equity — and different from everything else you own.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Asset Allocation

Your 60/40 Portfolio Is Really a 90/10 Portfolio

Equities are roughly four times as volatile as bonds, so a 60% equity allocation contributes about 90% of portfolio variance. Risk parity fixes the accounting — and hierarchical risk parity fixes risk parity.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Factor Investing

Sector-Neutral Factors: Why Cross-Sector Ratio Screens Mislead

Banks carry high leverage because lending is their business. Software firms carry high ROE because they hold little capital. A screen that ignores this is mostly a sector bet wearing a factor label.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Short Selling

Short Selling in India: What a Retail Account Can Actually Do

You cannot carry a cash-market short overnight. That single rule determines the shape of every short strategy a retail Indian investor can realistically run — and most backtests ignore it.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Backtesting

Slippage in Trading: Why Live Fills Are Worse

NSE will not admit a stock to the Nifty 50 unless a ₹10 crore order moves it less than 0.50%. Your backtest assumed zero. Here is how to close that gap.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Bonds

State Development Loans: 44 Basis Points for a Technicality

SDLs are state government borrowings auctioned by the RBI, settled like G-Secs, and yielding meaningfully more. RBI Retail Direct made them buyable directly — and almost nobody does.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Portfolio Construction

Selection and Sizing Decay at Different Speeds

Which companies deserve to be in the portfolio changes slowly. How much risk each position contributes changes quickly. Running both on the same clock forces a bad compromise.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Value

Value Screens That Survive Contact With Indian Data

Price-to-book and price-to-earnings both break in predictable ways. Using two multiples with a profitability gate in front removes most of the fake cheapness a naive value screen collects.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

Risk Management

Volatility Targeting: Sizing Is a More Reliable Lever Than Timing

Tomorrow's volatility is predicted far better by recent volatility than tomorrow's return is by recent returns. That single asymmetry is why scaling position size works when forecasting direction does not.

Saral Team · 1 Aug 2026

NSE

Bulk Deals vs Block Deals vs Shareholding Patterns

A bulk deal, a block deal, and a shareholding pattern filing each show a different, incomplete slice of who owns a stock. How to read all three.

Saral Team · 15 Jul 2026

AI

From a Plain-English Thesis to an Editable Strategy

the Saral Agent — saral.money's AI assistant — turns a plain-language investment thesis into an editable, white-box strategy flow — the same rule nodes you can open and change. What it does, why it stays inspectable, and what it deliberately does not do.

Saral Team · 2 Jun 2026

Algo Trading

The Indian Algo-Tooling Gap: What Streak, Tradetron and AlgoTest Can't Do

India's no-code algo platforms are either single-stock signal generators or options backtesters. None offer no-code, multi-rule portfolio backtesting on 15+ years of data. A fair look at the gap — and where each incumbent genuinely wins.

Saral Team · 2 Jun 2026

Algo Trading

Retail vs the Machines: Who Is on the Other Side of Your Trade

Algorithms now drive over half of NSE turnover, and SEBI says 96–97% of prop and foreign-investor profits came from them. Here is what that means for retail — and how to stop bringing manual decisions to an automated fight.

Saral Team · 2 Jun 2026

Regulation

What SEBI's Feb 2025 Retail Algo Framework Actually Changes for You

In February 2025, SEBI gave retail investors a sanctioned path to algorithmic trading for the first time. What the framework permits, the white-box vs black-box distinction, the order thresholds, and what it means for no-code platforms.

Saral Team · 2 Jun 2026

F&O

Why 93% of F&O Traders Lose — And What Actually Changes the Odds

SEBI's own research finds 9 in 10 Indian F&O traders lose money. The cause is documented behaviour, not bad luck. Here is the evidence — and the one habit that changes the odds.

Saral Team · 2 Jun 2026

No-Code

Why Algorithmic Investing in India Has to Be No-Code

Coders are a low-single-digit share of India's investors, only ~11% report any English, and most new demat accounts come from beyond the metros. The case for why systematic investing here cannot require Python.

Saral Team · 2 Jun 2026

Algo Trading

Cognitive Biases That Destroy Algo Trading Strategies

From overfitting to survivorship bias, the most common cognitive and statistical biases that lead algo traders astray, and how to avoid them.

Saral Team · 29 Apr 2026

Algo Trading

What is Algorithmic Trading? A Complete Guide for Indian Traders

Algorithmic trading uses computer programs to execute trades based on predefined rules. Learn how algo trading works, its benefits, SEBI regulations, and how to get started in India.

Saral Team · 28 Apr 2026

Backtesting

Backtesting Trading Strategies: A Step-by-Step Guide

Learn how to backtest trading strategies properly. Avoid common pitfalls like look-ahead bias and overfitting. A practical guide for Indian market traders.

Saral Team · 25 Apr 2026